Primary Source: Image
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A worker transports tanning bark, to be used for tanning leather products needed in the war effort. This photograph was originally titled Cheerfully Doing the Work Required.
Kelly Miller, The History of the World War for Human Rights (Washington, D.C.: Austin Jenkins, 1919). General Research and Reference Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library.
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Primary Source: Image
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Primary Source: Image
Henry Johnson
Henry Johnson, a redcap porter who grew up among the poor in the rural South, joined the 369th Regiment where he served with bravery and distinction, at least according to the French. Although the U.S. never formally recognized Johnson’s contribution to the war, the French awarded him the Croix de Guerre with gold
palm. source: Persico, 11th Month, 11th Day, 11th Hour, Random House, 2004, 205-206. |
Primary Source: Quote from
General Robert Lee Bullard
“Our government seemed to expect the same of them as white men. Poor Negroes! They are hopelessly inferior…If you need combat soldiers, and especially if you need them in a hurry, don’t put your time upon Negroes.” General Robert Lee Bullard quoted in Persico, 11th Month, 11th Day, 11th Hour, Random House, 2004, 204
For a full detailed account of the organization and fighting campaigns of the 92nd Negro Combat Division as recorded by the division's official historian see http://net.lib.byu.edu/estu/wwi/comment/Scott/SCh11.htm |
Secondary Sources: African Americans and WWI
A.) The YMCA sponsored talent shows to entertain troops in France. One skit titled, “A Musical Evening in Coon-Town,” featured a conversation between “Rastus” and “Mose” in which Mose claims that after the war, “I’se gwin to tend de white folks’ church, and sit by the white women." " What’s yo gwin to do, Rastus?” Rastus replies “I’se gwin to buy me a black suit of clothes, black shoes, black shirt and tie, and black gloves, and attend yo funeral.”
source: Persico, 11th Month, 11th Day, 11th Hour, Random House, 2004, 205
B.) Reflecting on the military parade of the all-black 369th Regiment on April 28, 1919, The Jewish Daily News opined that, “These Negroes have helped to win the war. Let us hope that their unflinching courage in the face of death will be remembered. Color, after all, is of no consequence.”
source: Persico, 11th Month, 11th Day, 11th Hour, Random House, 2004, 391.
source: Persico, 11th Month, 11th Day, 11th Hour, Random House, 2004, 205
B.) Reflecting on the military parade of the all-black 369th Regiment on April 28, 1919, The Jewish Daily News opined that, “These Negroes have helped to win the war. Let us hope that their unflinching courage in the face of death will be remembered. Color, after all, is of no consequence.”
source: Persico, 11th Month, 11th Day, 11th Hour, Random House, 2004, 391.
African Americans in WWI Assignments
African Americans During the War Assignment
Directions: Read and analyze primary and secondary sources above and answer the following questions:
1. What obstacles did African Americans face within the U.S. when it entered WWI?
2.What obstacles did African American soldiers face when they enlisted?
3. Why were African Americans so willing to fight, considering the discrimination they faced at home?
4. How were African Americans in combat affected by prejudice in American society?
5. To what extent did African American women aid in the war effort?
6. When the U.S. entered World War I in 1917 minorities of color were considered second class citizens.Using the documents and your own knowledge, answer the following question. In what ways did the treatment of these marginalised groups change after the war? In what ways did their treatment remain the same?
1. What obstacles did African Americans face within the U.S. when it entered WWI?
2.What obstacles did African American soldiers face when they enlisted?
3. Why were African Americans so willing to fight, considering the discrimination they faced at home?
4. How were African Americans in combat affected by prejudice in American society?
5. To what extent did African American women aid in the war effort?
6. When the U.S. entered World War I in 1917 minorities of color were considered second class citizens.Using the documents and your own knowledge, answer the following question. In what ways did the treatment of these marginalised groups change after the war? In what ways did their treatment remain the same?
African Americans After World War I
1. How did political, economic, and social conditions change for African Americans as a result of WWI?
2. Compare the treatment of African Americans by Europeans during the war and Americans after the war.
Convention of Colored Women's Clubs
Secondary Source Excerpt
John Taitt, Souvenir of Negro Progress: Chicago, 1779–1925 (Chicago: De Saible Assoc., 1925). General Research and Reference Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library.
African-American women contributed to the war effort in significant ways and formed the backbone of African-American patriotic activities. Clubwomen, many under the auspices of the National Association of Colored Women (NACW), led "liberty loan" campaigns, held rallies, and provided crucial material and emotional support for black troops
African-American women contributed to the war effort in significant ways and formed the backbone of African-American patriotic activities. Clubwomen, many under the auspices of the National Association of Colored Women (NACW), led "liberty loan" campaigns, held rallies, and provided crucial material and emotional support for black troops
www.uwplatt.edu
African American soldiers were lynched for wearing their uniforms when they returned to the U.S.
African American soldiers were lynched for wearing their uniforms when they returned to the U.S.
not_only_is_war_hell_lynching_african_americans.pdf | |
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